@article{rahpeyma_bayesian_2018,
	title = {Bayesian hierarchical model for variations in earthquake peak ground acceleration within small-aperture arrays},
	journal = {Environmetrics (in review)},
	author = {Rahpeyma, S. and Halldorsson, B. and Hrafnkelsson, B. and Jónsson, S.},
	year = {2018},
}

@article{rupakhety_2015_2017,
	title = {The 2015 {Mw} 7.8 {Gorkha} {Earthquake} in {Nepal} and its aftershocks: analysis of strong ground motion},
	volume = {15},
	doi = {10.1007/s10518-017-0084-z},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Rupakhety, R. and Ólafsson, S. and Halldorsson, B.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {2587--2616},
}

@inproceedings{sonnemann_local_2017,
	address = {Santiago, Chile},
	title = {Local {Stress} {Drop} {Estimates} of {Strong} {Earthquakes} in the {South} {Iceland} {Seismic} {Zone}},
	booktitle = {16th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({16WCEE})},
	author = {Sonnemann, T. and Halldorsson, B. and Hrafnkelsson, B. and Papageorgiou, A. S.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {Paper no. 2771.},
}

@article{panzera_directional_2017,
	title = {Directional effects of tectonic fractures on ground motion site amplification from earthquake and ambient noise data: a case study in {South} {Iceland}},
	volume = {97},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.03.024},
	journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Panzera, F. and Halldorsson, B. and Vogfjörð, K.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {143--154},
}

@inproceedings{kowsari_selection_2017,
	address = {Santiago, Chile},
	title = {On the {Selection} of {Ground}-{Motion} {Prediction} {Equations} for {Seismic} {Hazard} {Assessment} in the {South} {Iceland} {Seismic} {Zone}},
	booktitle = {16th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({16WCEE})},
	author = {Kowsari, M. and Halldorsson, B. and Hrafnkelsson, B. and Snæbjörnsson, J. Th. and Ólafsson, S. and Rupakhety, R.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {Paper no. 2809.},
}

@inproceedings{rahpeyma_distribution_2017,
	address = {Santiago, Chile},
	title = {On the {Distribution} of {Earthquake} {Strong}-motion {Amplitudes} and {Site} {Effects} {Across} the {Icelandic} {Strong}-motion {Arrays}},
	booktitle = {16th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({16WCEE})},
	author = {Rahpeyma, S. and Halldorsson, B. and Green, R. A.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {Paper no. 2762.},
}

@inproceedings{kowsari_probabilistic_2017,
	address = {Santiago, Chile},
	title = {On the {Probabilistic} {Seismic} {Hazard} {Estimate} for {Húsavík}, {North} {Iceland} on the basis of {Monte} {Carlo} {Methods}},
	booktitle = {16th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({16WCEE})},
	author = {Kowsari, M. and Halldorsson, B. and Snæbjörnsson, J. Þ.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {Paper no. 2823.},
}

@inproceedings{halldorsson_hvsr_2016,
	address = {Reykjavík, Iceland},
	title = {On the {HVSR} estimation at {Icelandic} strong-motion stations},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Nordic} {Geotechnical} {Meeting}},
	publisher = {Icelandic Geotechnical Society},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Olivera, Christian I. and Rahpeyma, Sahar and Ólafsson, S. and Green, R. A. and Snæbjörnsson, J. Th.},
	month = may,
	year = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{snaebjornsson_effects_2016,
	address = {Reykjavík, Iceland},
	title = {Effects of soil-structure interaction on the excitation and response of {RC} buildings subjected to strong-motion},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Nordic} {Geotechnical} {Meeting}},
	publisher = {Icelandic Geotechnical Society},
	author = {Snæbjörnsson, J. Th. and Rahpeyma, Sahar and Halldorsson, B. and Sigtryggsdóttir, F. G.},
	month = may,
	year = {2016},
}

@article{cork_effects_2016,
	title = {Effects of {Tectonic} {Regime} and {Soil} {Conditions} on the {Pulse} {Period} of {Near}-{Fault} {Ground} {Motions}},
	volume = {80},
	journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Cork, T. G. and Kim, J. H. and Mavroeidis, George P. and Kim, J. K. and Halldorsson, B. and Papageorgiou, A. S.},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {102--118},
}

@article{rahpeyma_detailed_2016,
	title = {Detailed site effect estimation in the presence of strong velocity reversals within a small-aperture strong-motion array in {Iceland}},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {0267-7261},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267726116300781},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.07.001},
	abstract = {The rock site characterization for earthquake engineering applications in Iceland is common due to the easily exposed older bedrock and more recent volcanic lava rock. The corresponding site amplification is generally assumed to be low but has not been comprehensively quantified, especially for volcanic rock. The earthquake strong-motion of the M w 6.3 Ölfus earthquake on 29 May 2008 and 1705 of its aftershocks recorded on the first small-aperture strong-motion array (ICEARRAY I) in Iceland showed consistent and significant variations in ground motion amplitudes over short distances (\<2 km) in an urban area located mostly on lava rock. This study analyses the aftershock recordings to quantify the local site effects using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR) methods. Additionally, microseismic data has been collected at array stations and analyzed using the HVSR method. The results between the methods are consistent and show that while the amplification levels remain relatively low, the predominant frequency varies systematically between stations and is found to correlate with the geological units. In particular, for stations on lava rock the underlying geologic structure is characterized by repeated lava-soil stratigraphy characterized by reversals in the shear wave velocity with depth. As a result, standard modeling of HVSR using vertically incident body waves does not apply. Instead, modeling the soil structure as a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic system is found to capture the observed predominant frequencies of site amplification. The results have important implications for earthquake resistant design of structures on rock sites characterized by velocity reversals.},
	urldate = {2016-09-01},
	journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Rahpeyma, Sahar and Halldorsson, Benedikt and Olivera, Christian and Green, Russell A. and Jónsson, Sigurjón},
	month = oct,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Array, HVSR, Iceland, SSR, Site effect, Velocity reversal},
	pages = {136--151},
}

The rock site characterization for earthquake engineering applications in Iceland is common due to the easily exposed older bedrock and more recent volcanic lava rock. The corresponding site amplification is generally assumed to be low but has not been comprehensively quantified, especially for volcanic rock. The earthquake strong-motion of the M w 6.3 Ölfus earthquake on 29 May 2008 and 1705 of its aftershocks recorded on the first small-aperture strong-motion array (ICEARRAY I) in Iceland showed consistent and significant variations in ground motion amplitudes over short distances (<2 km) in an urban area located mostly on lava rock. This study analyses the aftershock recordings to quantify the local site effects using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) and Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR) methods. Additionally, microseismic data has been collected at array stations and analyzed using the HVSR method. The results between the methods are consistent and show that while the amplification levels remain relatively low, the predominant frequency varies systematically between stations and is found to correlate with the geological units. In particular, for stations on lava rock the underlying geologic structure is characterized by repeated lava-soil stratigraphy characterized by reversals in the shear wave velocity with depth. As a result, standard modeling of HVSR using vertically incident body waves does not apply. Instead, modeling the soil structure as a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic system is found to capture the observed predominant frequencies of site amplification. The results have important implications for earthquake resistant design of structures on rock sites characterized by velocity reversals.

@inproceedings{olivera_first_2014,
	address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
	title = {A first look at site effects at {Icelandic} strong-motion stations using microseismic data},
	volume = {Paper no. 2044.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd {European} {Conference} on {Earthquake} and {Engineering} {Seismology} ({2ECEES})},
	author = {Olivera, Christian I. and Halldorsson, B. and Ólafsson, S. and Green, R. A. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
}

@inproceedings{waltl_geological_2014,
	address = {Istanbul, Turkey},
	title = {The geological and urban setting of {Húsavík}, {North} {Iceland}, in the context of {Earthquake} {Hazard} and {Risk} {Analysis}},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd {European} {Conference} on {Earthquake} and {Engineering} {Seismology} ({2ECEES})},
	author = {Waltl, Peter and Halldorsson, B. and Pétursson, H. G. and Fiebig, Markus and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
}

@article{chanerley_concerning_2013,
	title = {Concerning baseline errors in the form of acceleration transients when recovering displacements from strong motion records using the undecimated wavelet transform},
	volume = {103},
	doi = {10.1785/0120110352},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	author = {Chanerley, A. A. and Alexander, N. A. and Berrill, J. and Avery, H. and Halldorsson, B. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {283--295},
}

@inproceedings{halldorsson_effects_2012,
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	title = {On the {Effects} of {Induced} {Earthquakes} due to {Fluid} {Injection} at {Hellisheidi} {Geothermal} {Power} {Plant}, {Iceland}},
	booktitle = {15th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({15WCEE})},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Ólafsson, S. and Snæbjörnsson, J. Th. and Sigurðsson, S. U. and Rupakhety, R. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {Paper no. 4069.},
}

@article{halldorsson_variations_2012,
	title = {Variations of the specific barrier model - {Part} {II}: {Effect} of isochron distributions},
	volume = {10},
	doi = {10.1007/s10518-012-9345-z},
	journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S.},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1321--1337},
}

@article{foster_calibration_2012,
	title = {Calibration of the {Specific} {Barrier} {Model} to the {NGA} {Dataset}},
	volume = {83},
	doi = {10.1785/​gssrl.83.3.566},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	author = {Foster, K. M. and Halldorsson, B. and Green, R. A. and Chapman, M. C.},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {566--574},
}

@inproceedings{halldorsson_icearray_2012,
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	title = {{ICEARRAY} {II}: {A} new multidisciplinary strong-motion array in {North} {Iceland}},
	booktitle = {15th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({15WCEE})},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Jónsson, S. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S. and Green, R. A. and Kalogeras, I. and Avery, H. and Ólafsson, S. and Remseth, S. and Oliveira, C. S. and Polat, O. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {Paper no. 2567},
}

@inproceedings{green_unique_2012,
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	title = {A {Unique} {Liquefaction} {Case} {Study} from the 29 {May} 2008, {Mw6}.3 Ölfus {Earthquake}, {Southwest} {Iceland}},
	booktitle = {15th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({15WCEE})},
	author = {Green, R. A. and Halldorsson, B. and Kurtulus, A. and Steinarsson, H. P. and Erlendsson, Ö.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {Paper no. 4429.},
}

@inproceedings{halldorsson_effects_2012-1,
	address = {Lisbon, Portugal},
	title = {The effects of earthquake source complexities on far-field source spectra},
	booktitle = {15th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({15WCEE})},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {Paper no. 2543.},
}

@article{halldorsson_variations_2012-1,
	title = {Variations of the specific barrier model - {Part} {I}: {Effect} of subevent size distributions},
	volume = {10},
	doi = {10.1007/s10518-012-9344-0},
	journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S.},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1299--1319},
}

@article{halldorsson_near-fault_2011,
	title = {Near-{Fault} and {Far}-{Field} {Strong} {Ground} {Motion} {Simulation} for {Earthquake} {Engineering} {Applications} {Using} the {Specific} {Barrier} {Model}},
	volume = {137},
	issn = {0733-9445/2011/3-433–444},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000097},
	doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000097},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Engineering},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Mavroeidis, George P. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {barrier interval, earthquake, local stress drop, near-fault pulses, specific barrier model, strong ground motion},
	pages = {433--444},
}

@inproceedings{douglas_use_2010,
	address = {Toronto, Canada},
	title = {On the use of aftershocks when deriving ground-motion prediction equations},
	booktitle = {9th {US} {National} and 10th {Canadian} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({9USN}/{10CCEE})},
	author = {Douglas, J. and Halldorsson, B.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {Paper no. 220},
}

@article{rupakhety_estimating_2010,
	title = {Estimating coseismic deformations from near source strong motion records: methods and case studies},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1570-761X},
	shorttitle = {Estimating coseismic deformations from near source strong motion records},
	doi = {10.1007/s10518-009-9167-9},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Rupakhety, R. and Halldorsson, B. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {787--811},
}

@article{halldorsson_icearray:_2009,
	title = {{ICEARRAY}: the first small-aperture, strong-motion array in {Iceland}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1383-4649},
	shorttitle = {{ICEARRAY}},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/t618172p84523756/},
	doi = {10.1007/s10950-008-9133-z},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2011-01-14},
	journal = {Journal of Seismology},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Sigbjörnsson, R. and Schweitzer, J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {173--178},
}

@article{sigbjornsson_note_2009,
	title = {A note on the {Mw} 6.3 earthquake in {Iceland} on 29 {May} 2008 at 15:45 {UTC}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1570-761X},
	shorttitle = {A note on the {M} w 6.3 earthquake in {Iceland} on 29 {May} 2008 at 15},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10518-008-9087-0},
	doi = {10.1007/s10518-008-9087-0},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Sigbjörnsson, R. and Snæbjörnsson, J. Th. and Higgins, S. M. and Halldorsson, B. and Ólafsson, S.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {113--126},
}

@article{halldorsson_converting_2009,
	title = {Converting {Strong}-motion {Networks} to {Arrays} via {Common} {Triggering}},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {0895-0695},
	url = {http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/doi/10.1785/gssrl.80.4.572},
	doi = {10.1785/gssrl.80.4.572},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2010-09-22},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Avery, H.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {572--578},
}

@article{halldorsson_mw6.3_2009,
	title = {The {M}$_{\textrm{w}}$6.3 Ölfus earthquake at 15:45 {UTC} on 29 {May} 2008 in {South} {Iceland}: {ICEARRAY} strong-motion recordings},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {02677261},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.12.006},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1073--1083},
}

@inproceedings{halldorsson_design_2008,
	address = {Beijing, China},
	title = {Design and installation of {ICEARRAY}, a new small-aperture strong-motion array in {South} {Iceland}},
	booktitle = {14th {World} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({14WCEE})},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {Paper no. 02--0097},
}

@article{halldorsson_fast_2007,
	title = {A {Fast} and {Efficient} {Simulation} of the {Far}-{Fault} and {Near}-{Fault} {Earthquake} {Ground} {Motions} {Associated} with the {June} 17 and 21, 2000, {Earthquakes} in {South} {Iceland}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1363-2469},
	doi = {10.1080/13632460601031631},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Earthquake Engineering},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Ólafsson, Símon and Sigbjörnsson, R.},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {343},
}

@inproceedings{wanitkorkul_application_2006,
	address = {San Francisco, USA},
	title = {Application of the {Specific} {Barrier} {Model} to the {Seismic} {Fragility} {Assessment} of {Critical} {Facilities}},
	booktitle = {8th {National} {Conference} on {Earthquake} {Engineering} ({8NCEE})},
	author = {Wanitkorkul, A. and Halldorsson, B. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S. and Filiatrault, A.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {Paper no. 227},
}

@article{halldorsson_calibration_2005,
	title = {Calibration of the {Specific} {Barrier} {Model} to {Earthquakes} of {Different} {Tectonic} {Regions}},
	volume = {95},
	url = {http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/95/4/1276},
	doi = {10.1785/0120040157},
	abstract = {The specific barrier model, proposed and developed by Papageorgiou and Aki (1983a, b; 1985) provides the most complete, yet parsimonious, self-consistent description of the faulting process. It applies both in the "near-fault" and in the "far-field" region, thus allowing for consistent ground-motion simulations over the entire frequency range and for all distances of engineering interest. The model has been implemented in the stochastic method and calibrated with extended databases of response spectral amplitudes from earthquakes of intraplate regions (mainly eastern North America events), interplate regions, and regions of tectonic extension (Spudich et al., 1999, database). The ensemble average value of a key parameter of the specific barrier model, the local stress drop \{Delta\}\{sigma\}L, is [{\textasciitilde}]161 bars for interplate earthquakes, [{\textasciitilde}]114 bars for extensional regime earthquakes, and [{\textasciitilde}]180 bars for intraplate earthquakes. The high-frequency source spectral levels of interplate and extensional regime earthquakes deviate significantly from self-similar scaling. The deviation is most likely caused by the "effective" source area and/or irregularities in the rupture kinematics. We account for their overall effects through a high-frequency source complexity factor,\{zeta\} , in the source spectrum of the specific barrier model. As a result, inter- and intraplate source spectra show similar high-frequency levels at moderate magnitudes but intraplate earthquakes have higher spectral levels at the larger magnitudes. The interplate soil residuals show clear signs of nonlinear site response, whereas only slight signs of such nonlinearity are observed for the extensional dataset. The regional models calibrated in this study are in reasonably good agreement with other regional attenuation relationships and provide a reliable and physically realistic, yet computationally efficient, way to model strong ground motions with implications for seismic hazard and risk analysis. Online material: Strong-motion station and event-station pair information.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2010-07-20},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	author = {Halldorsson, B. and Papageorgiou, Apostolos S.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1276--1300},
}

The specific barrier model, proposed and developed by Papageorgiou and Aki (1983a, b; 1985) provides the most complete, yet parsimonious, self-consistent description of the faulting process. It applies both in the "near-fault" and in the "far-field" region, thus allowing for consistent ground-motion simulations over the entire frequency range and for all distances of engineering interest. The model has been implemented in the stochastic method and calibrated with extended databases of response spectral amplitudes from earthquakes of intraplate regions (mainly eastern North America events), interplate regions, and regions of tectonic extension (Spudich et al., 1999, database). The ensemble average value of a key parameter of the specific barrier model, the local stress drop \Delta\\sigma\L, is [~]161 bars for interplate earthquakes, [~]114 bars for extensional regime earthquakes, and [~]180 bars for intraplate earthquakes. The high-frequency source spectral levels of interplate and extensional regime earthquakes deviate significantly from self-similar scaling. The deviation is most likely caused by the "effective" source area and/or irregularities in the rupture kinematics. We account for their overall effects through a high-frequency source complexity factor,\zeta\ , in the source spectrum of the specific barrier model. As a result, inter- and intraplate source spectra show similar high-frequency levels at moderate magnitudes but intraplate earthquakes have higher spectral levels at the larger magnitudes. The interplate soil residuals show clear signs of nonlinear site response, whereas only slight signs of such nonlinearity are observed for the extensional dataset. The regional models calibrated in this study are in reasonably good agreement with other regional attenuation relationships and provide a reliable and physically realistic, yet computationally efficient, way to model strong ground motions with implications for seismic hazard and risk analysis. Online material: Strong-motion station and event-station pair information.